Software Reliability and Testing Requirement

Most programming items expect testing to decide their unwavering quality. Some product items with specific data sources may neglect to work. Testing upgrades the ability deciding the level of deformities. Estimating trials additionally help with deciding quality. The non-useful necessity of a test is generally a twofold and not only a solitary movement. All things considered, a product item may either come up short or pass the test.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Software Reliability and Testing Requirement explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Failure of a product can be resolved when the usefulness of its program doesn't meet client necessities. Then again, breezing through a dependability assessment is the likelihood of the product to work inside a timeframe without disappointment. It is imperative to feature now that testing procedure goes through the existence pattern of programming improvement. Early testing is basic for discovering abandon s, forestalling glitches and giving data on quality levels. Be that as it may, as the guideline of pesticide Catch 22 clarifies, a rehash of programming tests brings down the capability of a testing movement particularly when distinguishing another bug. The likelihood of programming to work inside a timeframe without disappointment is a factor that adds to unwavering quality. Disappointment of the product can be resolved when the usefulness of its program isn't couple with the preferences and inclinations of clients. Programming quality speaks to an arranged perspective on a client on its trustworthiness. Throughout the years, structure has been utilized to quantify the nature of a product item. This framework includes including flaws present in a specific program. Be that as it may, it has not been as viable as a designer situated methodology since it doesn't tally shortcomings. It rather identifies with activities. The unwavering quality of programming doesn't change after some ti me if not deliberately altered. Be that as it may, programming isn't absolutely solid because of different dangers it postures to clients. These dangers originate from deficiencies and bugs. A bug in programming may cause it not to function true to form and therefore result into mishaps, delays on Mastercards, misfortunes and blunders on bills. All things considered, programming testing is basic in estimating quality and lessening dangers. Accomplishing the unwavering quality of programming is extremely basic in any product industry. The tallness of multifaceted nature of the product makes it bulky to accomplish the key errand of unwavering quality. The nature of programming which is generally a trait of unwavering quality can be tried and estimated. Specific programming measurements might be applied at every advancement stage to improve quality. These incorporate testing, coding, structure and requirements.Advertising Looking for article on programming? How about we check whether w e can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Software testing is typically led for non-utilitarian programming necessities and useful properties. Testing helps with surveying deserts and in the end improving the general standard of a product item. An adequately thorough test helps in revealing imperfections. The advancement of value programming items can be expanded by legitimate fixing. While testing helps with deciding possible disappointments and issues, it is basic to work around the disappointments remembering that not all shortcomings can be fixed. At the point when an imperfection is being adjusted, odds of it being done erroneously just as the presentation of another deformity are commonly high. What's more, working under tension restricts the capacity to evacuate an issue. It is prudent to stay away from programming issues by forestalling disappointments, issues and mistakes. Testing is certifiably not a one-sided action. It is a procedure that goes throu gh the existence pattern of a given item. Bugs are for the most part found in the later phases of programming life cycle. Planning and confirming test at the ideal time are indispensable measures in finding and fixing difficulties presented by programming improvement. For example, the last methods bring down the general expense of tasks during all the formative stages. When executing testing, it is basic for a developer to decide the capacity of a product item to meet users’ necessities. This incorporates manual checking item particulars and executing code by investigating its structure. Additionally, interrogation of the product to guarantee that it fits for its motivation. As demonstrated before, programming ought to have the option to work viably as per the set assignments and similarly meet the desires for clients. Besides, testing additionally helps in distinguishing surrenders that trigger disappointments. A developer can comprehend related dangers a deformity can cause when programming is in activity. This information helps in improving the usefulness of programming. An underlying driver examination helps in recognizing surrenders. It limits making future blunders and improves programming advancement process. A wide range of testing are intended to recognize surrenders. Programming testing helps in expelling deserts however can't ensure total end of shortcomings. All things being equal, an unusable framework requires no fixing of imperfections. Customers who need fixing of deformities just do as such if the product is unsteady. Audits and reviews are significant so that clients’ programming desires are met.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Software Reliability and Testing Requirement explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is difficult to debilitate a product test. The worry over of how much testing ought to be done is a deep rooted question. Numerous frameworks contain a few yields with substantial numer ical qualities. Weight on schedule and cost restrains the capacity of an analyzer to deplete the procedure. A degree of hazard including business and specialized needs ought to be investigated. It is urgent to start the procedure of programming testing absent a lot of postponement. The testing exercises that involve both static and dynamic strategies ought to be guided by characterized destinations. Early testing is basic for finding and forestalling surrenders and furthermore offering data on quality levels. At the point when the way toward testing is started at the perfect time, it permits software engineers to distinguish and address blames viably. A pre-discharge testing gives deserts. These deformities are regularly bunched because of thump on issues that emerge from changing programming and complex codes. Their modules show operational disappointments. A survey of the last is significant in improving turn of events and configuration forms. To distinguish the reason for groups, forestall disappointments, imperfections and future likely future bunches, early testing is central. A rehash of programming tests has the capacity of bringing down the capability of a testing action in recognizing another bug. Furthermore, a test ought to be done in one zone of discovering coding bugs and afterward moved to another region with another arrangement of dangers. Exercises associated with testing are not confined. They are identified with tasks did in programming advancement. A test must fit inside the item life cycle so as to be proficient in addressing the requirements of clients. Both check and approval testing ought to be utilized. Utilizing the cascade model, testing must be done on a set course of events. Testing is done toward the finish of an actual existence cycle in this way introducing the trouble of getting criticism upwards. The V-model tends to customary cascade wasteful aspects. Not at all like the cascade model, testing starts from the get-go in the V-m odel. Imperfections are recognized before while assessing prerequisites to the end where client acknowledgment testing is finished. V-model has four degrees of testing.Advertising Searching for exposition on programming? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This paper on Software Reliability and Testing Requirement was composed and put together by client Alejandra Espinoza to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Classical Music in Our Lives free essay sample

Obstruction He looked at his better half delicately, taking In her magnificence and recalling her young Joy. He recollected the smooth way she moved In her more youthful years, the dazzling way her body spilled out of one move to the following. He recollected her fun loving character carrying his young youthfulness to the cutting edge of his psyche. Her reasonable highlights sent him into a condition of happiness, leaving him abandoned in a pool of magnificence. At that point, out of nowhere, his life got dull. All His musings had a specific revoltingness covered up in its underlying foundations. His significant other was dying.She laid on her bed, frail and pale from the infection. Her excellence blurred, her childhood shriveled. She wasnt there any longer. Yet, considerably after she passed on, his excellence remained with him (Steepness, 12). This is a case of a story behind a bit of traditional music I played in the fourth grade. Im sure youve knew about it; the game plan is called F;r Elise, created by Ludwig van Beethoven. Being increasingly mindful of old style music is the start of valuing its magnificence and request. A 2011 article from Pacific Standard Magazine by columnist and scholar Tom Jacobs sums up his investigation of the association among knowledge and music.In the examination, American youngsters who scored high on the insight test supported old style music more than twelve different classifications. Jacobs hypothesis Was that individuals with a higher insight level like to tune in to increasingly complex music, for example, the old style classification. The second piece of the explanation that numerous individuals disregard traditional music is that they have no intrigue or interest toward it. Once more, it is old and unfashionable. In any case, its not. American musical crew Evanescences tune Lachrymose depended on the Lacrosse development from Mozart Requiem (Lewis, 12) In X-Men 2, we hear Mozart Serenade in G during Magnetos jail scene (Geoff, 12).These are just several instances of lassie music found in mainstream and notable sources. There are such a large number of additional, if just we just listened somewhat more intently. Old style music is surrounding us, yet we neglect to see it. Traditional music is an excellent workmanship that is frequently overlooked by most of the populace. Okay overlook the melody of a craftsman who won a Grammar a year ago? Obviously not. Old style music has made due for a long time; it is worth a great deal more consideration than we give it. We have to help the fresher ages acknowledge and love this part of music, as opposed to totally pass by it.

Blog Archive Developing Your GMAT Study Plan

Blog Archive Developing Your GMAT Study Plan With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Help! I need to get ready for the GMATâ€"where do I even start? You need to make a few major decisions at the beginning, starting with this one: do you want to study on your own, take a class, or work with a private tutor? Each path has its advantages and disadvantages;  this article  can help you decide. Next, if you take a class or work with a tutor, then your teacher will give you a study plan, at least for the length of time that you are working together. If not, you will have to  devise your own study plan. This will take some effort, but it is not rocket scienceâ€"if you are thoughtful and thorough, you can put together a very good study plan. I want to point out a couple of highlights from the study plan article. First, you need to know your goal and your starting point; if you do not know what level you are at right now or what score you are trying to achieve, then putting together a good study plan is impossible. Second, you are going to need study materials that fall into three broad categories: (1) test content and methodology (what to study and how to study), (2) practice questions (best source: Official Guide and other official practice question materials), and (3) practice tests. Finally, make sure that you know  how  to study/learn in an efficient and effective manner. Hint: doing 2,000 practice problems does  not  equal “efficient and effective.” Nor does taking a practice test every three days, or even every week. Read the article for more! Share ThisTweet GMAT Blog Archive Developing Your GMAT Study Plan With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything.  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Help! I need to get ready for the GMATâ€"where do I even start? You need to make a few major decisions at the beginning, starting with this one: do you want to study on your own, take a class, or work with a private tutor? Each path has its advantages and disadvantages;  this article  can help you decide. Next, if you take a class or work with a tutor, then your teacher will give you a study plan, at least for the length of time that you are working together. If not, you will have to  devise your own study plan. This will take some effort, but it is not rocket scienceâ€"if you are thoughtful and thorough, you can put together a very good study plan. I want to point out a couple of highlights from the study plan article. First, you need to know your goal and your starting point; if you do not know what level you are at right now or what score you are trying to achieve, then putting together a good study plan is impossible. Second, you are going to need study materials that fall into three broad categories: (1) test content and methodology (what to study and how to study), (2) practice questions (best source: Official Guide and other official practice question materials), and (3) practice tests. Finally, make sure that you know  how  to study/learn in an efficient and effective manner. Hint: doing 2,000 practice problems does  not  equal “efficient and effective.” Nor does taking a practice test every three days, or even every week. Read the article for more! Share ThisTweet GMAT Blog Archive Developing Your GMAT Study Plan With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything.  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Help! I need to get ready for the GMATâ€"where do I even start? You need to make a few major decisions at the beginning, starting with this one: do you want to study on your own, take a class, or work with a private tutor? Each path has its advantages and disadvantages;  this article  can help you decide. Next, if you take a class or work with a tutor, then your teacher will give you a study plan, at least for the length of time that you are working together. If not, you will have to  devise your own study plan. This will take some effort, but it is not rocket scienceâ€"if you are thoughtful and thorough, you can put together a very good study plan. I want to point out a couple of highlights from the study plan article. First, you need to know your goal and your starting point; if you do not know what level you are at right now or what score you are trying to achieve, then putting together a good study plan is impossible. Second, you are going to need study materials that fall into three broad categories: (1) test content and methodology (what to study and how to study), (2) practice questions (best source: Official Guide and other official practice question materials), and (3) practice tests. Finally, make sure that you know  how  to study/learn in an efficient and effective manner. Hint: doing 2,000 practice problems does  not  equal “efficient and effective.” Nor does taking a practice test every three days, or even every week. Read the article for more! Share ThisTweet GMAT

Essay on Review of These United States The Questions of...

Review of These United States: The Questions of Our Past The textbook I am reviewing is These United States: The Questions of Our Past, by Irwin Unger with the historical portraits and documents by Debi Unger, Prentice Hall publishing with last publication date being 1995. This text is written by one single author and not by a committee. This is the sixth edition of this book so the author has made significant changes to its historical context and the general styling of the book. His focus was to address not only the political, diplomatic, and military events but also social, cultural, and economic events and currents (Irwin Unger, preface xiv). He attempts to include all human aspects of these events by integrating women and†¦show more content†¦A chapter will often reflect a theme, event, or person from previous readings and connect how they were important to that time as well. The text is set up in a way that history and information flows together instead of stopped by clear chapter lines. The conclusions at the end tie up the main ideas of the chapter, but also incorporate those main ideas into the theme of the next chapter, such as with chapter twenty the last line of the conclusion states Americans would turn their attention to overseas affairs in a way that they had not since the earliest days of the nation with chapter 21 being The American Empire. Why did the United States Look Abroad? (570, 572). One fallback is that although he can link history to history he does not do an effective job at relating the past to the present, the questions help students to relate to the past, but perhaps more implicitly it helps them bring that past to the present. I am unsure of the exact grade level this book was intended for, but after some reading and researching it is apparent that this book is intended for an upper level high school history course. There are a lot of indications that it is used widely among AP history courses and honor classes in high school. It is also used for introductory history survey courses at some colleges and universities. I feel this text is only appropriate for those two uses. 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traglear King Lear as an Arthur Miller Tragedy Essay

King Lear as an Arthur Miller Tragedy If we seek to justify Shakespeares King Lear as a tragedy by applying Arthur Millers theory of tragedy and the tragic hero, then we might find Lear is not a great tragedy, and the character Lear is hardly passable for a tragic hero. However, if we take Aristotles theory of tragedy to examine this play, it would fit much more neatly and easily. This is not because Aristotle prescribes using nobility for the subject of a tragedy, but, more importantly, because he emphasizes the purpose of tragedy -- to arouse pity and fear in the audience, and thus purge them of such emotions. Arthur Miller, in his famous 1949 essay, Tragedy and the Common Man, states the following as the nature of†¦show more content†¦Since he himself, not the environment surrounding him, is responsible for his misfortune, there cannot be a struggle between Lear and the society/environment, as Miller describes in his essay. As for trying to regain his rightful status, King Lear has done little. At first he does not even understand his mistake. In [1.4], when he leaves Goneril because she cut his one hundred knights down to fifty, and then decides to return because Regan will allow only twenty-five [2.2], he is the same foolish Lear in [1.1] who banished Cordelia and believed flowery lies. He has not tried to evaluate himself justly at this point, or even acknowledge his misjudgment. When he understands his mistake, realizing that Goneril and Regan are both heartless liars, and only Cordelia truly loves him, he starts to go mad. In his better moments he remembers to curse Goneril and Regan and lament his suffering, while in worse moments his utterance hardly make sense. Both are passive reactions to his misfortune, not active struggle for re-establishing his dignity. Arthur Millers theory fails to account for the tragicness of King Lear, but Aristotles Poetics provides us with a much more satisfying justification of the play being a tragedy. In the following section, I will try to demonstrate that Lear has the essence of what makes a tragedy, according to the Greek philosopher, tragedy. According to

Sample Resume Electronic Health Record System Essay

MEMO To: Elizabeth A. Dennis, Esquire From: Adriane S. Towns Date: November 18, 2014 Re: Electronic Health Record System Statement of Facts: I represent Oakland Hospital, which is a health system with 3 locations. It is considering a plan to implement a new electronic health record system, which it believes will better serve its patients. It wants to make patient medical records available to all doctors affiliated with the hospital. That means doctors that are employees of the hospital, independent practice associations and doctors working as independent contracts. It wants those doctors to be able to access the medical records off site at their medical practice. It will increase patient care because doctors will able to access all medical records for their patients, regardless of which doctor they see in the network. That means if a patient is seen in the ER or by a cardiologist, the doctor will be able to gain access to the notes of other doctors. Also, doctors with new patients will be able to search the records if they want to see patient histories prior to the first appointment with the patient. Your supervisin g attorney wants you to review HIPAA, case law, and any other sources to make sure this scheme complies and also outline for the client what needs to be done to mitigate any penalties under HIPAA. Question Presented: Is it possible for Oakland Hospital to implement a new electronic health record system, according to HIPAA? How secure will the firewall beShow MoreRelatedTask 1 Healthcare Ecosystems1304 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Healthcare Ecosystems - Task 1 Introduction Founded in 1841, New York University Langone Medical Center is considered one of the nation’s top health care centers. 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Marketing analysis of Sony-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignement

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Marketing. Answer: Introduction Marketing is considered as the heart of any of the business activities or operations. The success and growth of the functionalities also depend on the same. These are the business processes or the activities which are concerned with making the availability of the goods and services to the consumers. Marketing is a very broader concept and comprises of a number of mechanisms, approaches, and theories which can be adapted by the business corporations for making the promotion and advertising (Bhasin. 2016). This creates awareness and also develops the interest in the minds of the consumers which motivates them to buy the product. The marketing concept is not limited only to the product reaches the consumers but it also comprises of the maintaining the relations with the consumers and providing them services if required and desired by them. With marketing, the business corporations can just offer the best quality of the products and the services but the consumers wont be able to know abo ut the products. The below-presented report has been executed on Sony which is Japanese multinational brand name and also the country on which the report will be made focused is India. The business corporation has diversification in the products range and which comprises of consumer and professional electronics, gaming, entertainment, and financial services (Ahmed. 2014).The further report has been analyzed on the evaluation of the marketing mix and also the effects of PESTEL on the marketing mix strategies employed by the business organization. Critical evaluation of marketing mix On the basis of the survey, it has been concluded that Sony is one of the most sought and Leading Manufacturing Corporation in the sector of communication, information technology products, gaming consoles and electronics for the potential and professional markets (Professionalacademy. 2017). This has helped the business to get developed into one of the richest and most likable company. The business corporation has focused its business activities on the electronics like AV/IT products gaming consoles and play stations, entertainment like music and motion pictures and also in banking and insurance sector. The company is an international brand and has the vast range of business activities. The entity is trying to leverage their uniqueness by adaption of the convergence strategy aggressively. The main aim of the business corporation is to influence and touch the potential customers by offering their unique products. Moreover, Sony has been making use of the marketing mix strategies for m aking the products available for the consumers and increase their satisfaction level (White pass. 2012). The below presented are the four prime elements of the marketing mix of Sony which has been employed by the business entity: Product: Product is the main or the prime factor for any of the business corporation, which plays a significant role in the success and growth of the business. The products define the brand of a company (Mudie and Cottam, 2010). The products of a company are not only in tangible form but also they are in the intangible form such as some of the entities are service based and same are the products of that company. The consumers choose the products on the basis of the satisfaction level which he will be getting from that product, whether the product is safe or not, the physical appearance of the product etc. The brand name Sony is well known for the premium and high quality of products. The company has been ranked as a leader in the entertainment sector and also most of the products are very much useful. The business organization provides a diverse range of products and due to which it has been successful in attaining a large number of customers around the globe and also the business or ganization also has been enjoying a huge market share in most of the developed and developing nations (Lovelock, 2011). A large number of consumers indicates more the goodwill and strong brand equity which is a plus point for the business corporation as per the future aspects. Sony has a wide range of diversity in the products which are mentioned as below: Television: LCD LED TV, projectors, CRD based televisions etc. Games: Gaming consoles and play stations Audio: Portable audio and music systems, music systems for automobiles with personalized navigation systems Mobile phones Computers, printers and other information systems and related accessories The company also offers a wide range of gaming consoles and play-stations which are used widely used for the purpose of entertainment. Moreover, the business corporations have introduced their personalized cards and Sony cards and these game winnings can be used for shopping proposes such as gift cards These cards are offered to the consumers after they had purchased any of the Sony products and also these reward cards are redeemable while purchasing in future. The business entity has also started selling of laptops which are easily found in various shapes, sizes, and qualities. Price: Price is the value of the product which is the consumer is expected to pay at the time of the product is purchased by him (Lusch and Vargo, 2014). This is one of the most influencing factors for the customer which develops a will to buy the product. Sony has developing pricing strategy of its product in a very strategic manner. For instance, the business corporation has been making use of the three-tier pricing strategy which has been targeted on the various segments of the consumers from the economy. The targeted segments are the economic buyers, the middle-class society, and the high-end buyers. The company adapts price skimming strategy whenever the business corporation launches the new product with some of the unique features. The skimming pricing strategy focuses a less number of consumers and has a high price for the products and the special and unique features. This strategy in whole provides an increase in the profits and also On the basis of a detailed survey it has b een observed that Sony launched its first high definition television in 1990 it priced it over $43,000 (sony.net. 2017).But later there was a decrease in the prices of the product in the year of 1993 till $6000. And also in the case, while the company launched Walkman the prices were high at the time of launching as compared to its competitors. And this has been proven beneficial to the business entity due to the performance; quality and brilliant sound deliver the products to the consumers which have ensured a high level of satisfaction. Also, the company has been ranked as the low-cost producer for many of the products this made it possible for them to have enough resources, which out showed their competitors. Place: The distribution channels and the mediums which are being used for making the products available to the consumers for their use. This has been considered as one of the most vital components which increases the satisfaction level of the consumers to some extent (Peter and Donnelly, 2011). As if the products are easily available to the consumers or they are feeling convenient in getting the products, then this will increase their satisfaction. This will be proven beneficial for the business corporation as this will tend the consumer to buy the product for the next time in future. Sony has been developing the marketing strategies and plans based on the distribution channels. Easy availability of the products to the consumers is the main concern of the business corporation (Hollensen, 2015). For instance in a country like India, where the consumers are more likely to buy more products which are long lasting and are more durable the distribution channels are considered as of very m uch significant and vital role. An approx. a number of over 7000 channel partners is the count of the distribution channels; moreover, there are more than 260 Sony stores and 21 branch locations in India. An approach of one level distribution channel has been made in use by the business corporation in this economy. Here, they useone level distribution channel. The entity has been in connection with big brand names for retail business and it does not have or restrictions to Dongsheng International Trade Co. Ltd, Front-Page Trade Co, Ltd, Best wholesale co. Ltd and Denzuke Network Sdn.Bhd. are some of the names from the retail industries by which the business entity is making the distribution of the products all over the country (Sheth and Sisodia, 2015). Moreover, other distribution channel is being used by the business corporation and which consists of the manufacturer, retailer and then the customers. They mainly practiceselective distributionof their products from very selective d ealers such as SONY WORLD. Promotions: Promotion has been considered as the key to successfully launching the product and making available till the target customers aware of the usefulness of the product is called promotion (Shahhosseini and Ardahaey, 2011). One of the biggest tools which have been considered as the most significant one for the execution of all the marketing activities is the promotion of the products and the services of the organization. Promotion of productsrelated details which are desired by the business organization (Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne, 2013. Advertisements and promotions are very much essential for a business organization as it helps in the development of the image of a specific product in the minds of the potential consumer. There are a number of mechanisms and tools which can be adapted by the business organization for executing the promotional events and campaign. The term promotion has a capability of impacting both the organization and the product (Lee and Kotler, 201 1). Promotions and advertisements directly affect the sales and profit of the business corporation and it is also beneficial for the consumers as it gives the necessary and relevant knowledge and develops awareness of the products for the consumers. And Sony Corporation has been making use of the advertisements and promotions in a very well manner. The business entity has been making use of tagline Make. Believewhich is very much successful in passing a message to unite initiatives across network services, electronics, mobile phones, music and movies (Anitsal, Girard and Anitsal, 2012). The promotions can be done by making use of various methods and tools such as the contemporary means which comprises of making use of internet and social media, ads in business magazines and newspapers etc. The tagline also defines and symbolizes the entities essence of innovation and creativity of the employees. Moreover to have a greater impact on the local public and customers the business corpora tion has been making use of a number of celebrities for the endorsement of their products. This a very influencing step by the entity because on the basis of executed survey it has been observed that the population is very much attracted towards the celebrities and also get easily influenced. For instance, the company has been making use of the faces of their products were big actors like Deepika Padukone and Kareena Kapoor in India. Currently, Katrina Kaif was announced as a brand ambassador of their smartphone range Xperia. Effects of PESTEL on marketing mix strategies The business environment comprises of the two main environmental factors which are very much essential for a business corporation and also play a vital role in the organizational structure and culture of the business corporation. Internal and external are the two business environments which are very much liable in influencing business and all the operational activities and strategies. The below mentioned are the effects of the pestle analysis which is significant for marketing mix strategies: Political:Theseetc. (Bolotaeva and Cata, 2010). These all factors are very much capable of influencing the marketing strategies of a business corporation. In the case of Sony if the governing bodies of India have brought some changes in the tax policies, then the company will be forced to bring a rise in the price of the products. This rise in the price will surely affect the sale of the company and products will be showing a decrease in the demand. The company will have to spend more on promotions and advertising. Economic factors:This is one more significant factor which is very much liable and capable of imposing various effects on the marketing strategies of the business organization (Yksel, 2012). The economic factor comprises of the economic stability of the economy, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, the disposable income of the consumers etc. Moreover, the economic environment has a capability of impacting both the organizations production and the consumer's decision-making process (Laudon, Laudon and Brabston, 2011). For instance fluctuations in the inflation and also in the interest rate will force Sony to make changes in the prices of the products. Social and cultural forces: The society comprises of the consumers, the clients, the dealers and the suppliers which are considered as a very much essential part of a business organization. And as these are very much vital they are also capable of influencing the marketing and business strategies of a business entity (Pestle analysis. 2017). The demands or the buying patterns of the consumers, relationship with the clients and the suppliers or dealers can bring a very big effect on the marketing strategies. As after considering these factors the business entity needs to develop the marketing strategies. Moreover, the business entity should also be responsible towards the society, for instance, Sony should make elimination of those elements from the manufacturing and other operations which can be proven harmful to society. Technological factors:The machinery, mechanisms, equipments and the tools which are being used by the business entity are being considered under this factor. The potential, skills and the capabilities which have been applied to the manufacturing, processes and the technology and materials needed for the production of products and services will be having the impact on the operational activities of the business corporation (Pestle analysis. 2017). For instance, Sony has been making use of the latest means and mechanisms in all types of operational activities. And due to the use of the contemporary technology the business entity has attained a stable position in a market. Environmental forces:This element comprises of the environment which is, the natural resources etc (Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, 2012). Environment degradation has become one of the biggest concepts for each and every business corporation and governing bodies has also imposed a number of rules and norms for controlling the same. The natural resources of the Earth such as forests, agricultural products, marine products, etc. must be taken care of. As these factors help the business organization for settling down as a responsible one in the eyes of the consumers and which in-turn will be proven beneficial. Legal: This factor comprises of the legal requirements within the business entity, such as health and safety of the employees, different types of standards such as manufacturing and advertising etc. (. 2015). If the entity has been following all the legal requirements then it will be having a smooth and flawless business and no impact on the marketing strategies. Macro environment has a vital impact on the growth and success of marketing strategies and campaigns, and therefore the above-mentioned factors should be considered very much relevant and significant while the decision-making process of a strategic marketer. Strategic recommendations As the business corporation has been ranked as a well-known brand name in its sector. The business corporation has been affected by the environmental factors by many ways and the below mentioned are strategic recommendations for the same: The business entity should implement some standards, limits laws and norms which should be the concern of restrictions over the use of the natural resources and energy (Hoffman and Bateson, 2010). Some alternatives or substitutes should be made in use such as solar energy or wind energy should be used for more instead of water or electricity. There should be control over the emission of the greenhouse gases and other pollutants (Keller, Parameswaran and Jacob, 2011). Some of the modern mechanisms and tools should be implemented in the manufacturing and other activities through which pollution can be caused. The mobile phones have become a big danger for humanity as the vibrations emitted by them are a reason for a number of heart and other serious medical issues (Lee and Carter, 2012). So the company should make use of some tools or systems which should aid in the reduction of such vibrations. Conclusion In the limelight of the above-executed analysis, it has been inferred that marketing is a way broader concept and which is not only concerned with the selling or marketing of products. It also comprises of after sales services, establishing strong bonds with the consumers which will be proven very much beneficial for the business organization for the longer term. Moreover, Sony is the brand name of which the analysis has been executed in India. The analysis comprises of the critical evaluation of the marketing mixes and also the impacts of PESTEL analysis on the marketing strategies of the business entity. Further, a set of strategic recommendations has also been provided for the environmental changes which have been faced by the business organization. References Bhasin, H, 2016, Marketing Mix of Sony- Sony marketing mix, Assessed on 13th June 2017, https://www.marketing91.com/marketing-mix-sony/. Ahmed, G, 2014, How marketing macro environmental factors affect business strategy, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://www.studylecturenotes.com/mba-marketing/how-marketing-macro-environmental-factors-affect-business-strategy. Professionalacademy, 2017, Marketing theories, - PESTEL ANALYSIS, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://www.professionalacademy.com/blogs-and-advice/marketing-theories---pestel-analysis. Writepass, 2012, Sony PESTLE analysis, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://writepass.com/journal/2012/12/sony-pestle-analysis/. Mudie, P. and Cottam, A., 2010.Management and marketing of services. Routledge. Lovelock, C., 2011.Services Marketing, 7/e. Pearson Education India. Peter, J.P. and Donnelly, J.H., 2011.Marketing management: knowledge and skills: text, analysis, cases, plans. Plano: Business pub., INC. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Shahhosseini, A. and Ardahaey, F.T., 2011. Marketing mix practices in the cultural industry.International Journal of Business and Management,6(8), p.230. Lee, N.R. and Kotler, P., 2011.Social marketing: Influencing behaviors for good. Sage. Anitsal, I., Girard, T. and Anitsal, M.M., 2012. An Application of Services Marketing Mix Framework: How do Retailers Communicate Information on Their Sales Receipts?,.Business Studies Journal,4(2), pp.77-90. Bolotaeva, V. and Cata, T., 2010. Marketing opportunities with social networks.Journal of Internet Social Networking and Virtual Communities,2010, pp.1-8. Yksel, I., 2012. Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.International Journal of Business and Management,7(24), pp.52-66. sony.net, 2017, Overview of Sony environmental impact, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/environment/management/overview/. Pestleanalysis, 2017, What pestle stands for in marketing, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://pestleanalysis.com/pestle-in-marketing/. Pestleanalysis, 2017, Where and how to apply PESTLE analysis, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://pestleanalysis.com/pestle-analysis-in-a-marketing-plan/. Adjonyo, N, 2015, Critical analysis of the article marketing mix revisited towards the 21st century marketing, Assessed on 14th June 20147, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273765680_Critical_Analysis_the_article_Marketing_Mix_Revisited_Towards_the_21st_Century_Marketing. Hoffman, K.D. and Bateson, J.E., 2010.Services marketing: concepts, strategies, cases. Cengage learning. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I., 2011.Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. Lee, K. and Carter, S., 2012.Global marketing management. Oxford University Press. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge. Laudon, K.C., Laudon, J.P. and Brabston, M.E., 2011.Management information systems(Vol. 8). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Christopher, M., Payne, A. and Ballantyne, D., 2013.Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. McDonough, M, 2017, Components of pestle analysis, Assessed on 16th June 2017, https://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/51754-components-of-a-pestle-analysis/.

Jeffersons Party Essays - Conservatism In The United States

Jefferson's Party The view that many believe while studying our country's political history is the Federalist Party was a dedicated supporter of a strong central government. They believed that the Constitution was a document that needed to be molded and amended in order to meet the needs of the country. The traditional view of the Democratic- Republican party is that they support state's rights and feel that most of the governing of the country should be done on the state level. The Democratic- Republicans, or Jeffersonian Republicans, also believed in reading the Constitution fundamentally and grant the government powers that were addressed in the document. These views are the basic principals that each of parties are based upon. It can be seen in Jefferson's statement to Gideon Granger that it, ?is surely best that the states are independent and to everything within themselves, and united as to everything respecting foreign nations.? Contrary to traditional characterization of both the Federalist and Democratic Republican parties, politicians would break away from the conventional party platforms and support issues that they felt strongly about. For instance, Daniel Webster, a Federalist from New Hampshire spoke out against an overly aggressive government with the issues regarding drafting citizens into the military. The typical Federalist would feel that a draft was necessary in order to defend the country, and although the Constitution did not specifically address the situation, amendments should be made for our national interest. Jefferson himself was a prime example of an idealistic politician who put the good of the country over his Republican values. The Louisiana Purchase was performed in a manner with which many conventional Democratic Republicans would argue against. Jefferson bent and shaped the Constitution into a document that allowed him to double the size of the country. He was willing to compromise with his original values in order to improve and fortify America. Jefferson told Samuel Kercheval, ?Some men look a constitutions with sanctimonious reverence?..to sacred to be touched. But I know also, that laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind.? The powerful statements made by Jefferson, Webster and many other politicians prove that it is often necessary to compromise individual ideas for the good of an entire country. This basis of compromise is the true foundation of our government and our history.

Beverly lowry essays

Beverly lowry essays Beverly Lowry, Her Dream of Dreams: The Rise and Triumph of Madam C. J. Walker, [New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2003], 481pp. Beverly Lowry, the author of Her Dream of Dreams, grew up in Greenville, Mississippi, but was born in Memphis, Tennessee on August 10, 1938. Lowry is the author of six novels and two nonfiction books. Lowry is also the director of the Creative Nonfiction Program at George Mason University. She currently resides in Washington, D.C. Beverly Lowry became interested in Madam C.J. Walkers story when she considered doing a novel authorized by the estate of Alex Haley. Lowry purpose for writing the book on Walker was to filter out Walkers thinly documented story and frame it into the roiling race relations of her day. The theme of this book is the life of Madam C.J. Walker. It discusses her road to success in becoming one of the first women of any race to be a millionaire. The historical period the book relates to is the Age of Progressivism. Born Sarah Breedlove on December 10, 1867, Madam C.J. Walker grew up the child of freed slaves, Owen and Minverva Breedlove, on a plantation in Delta, Louisiana. Walker lost her parents at the age of seven, and married for the first time at the age of fourteen. At the age of seventeen, Walker had her first and only child, Lelia. By the age of twenty she was a widow, but married twice again, the last being Charles Joseph Walker. Breedlove went on to adopt his name in 1906, later adding the title Madam, which was custom for woman in business. Wanting a better life for her daughter, as well as, herself, Madam C.J. Walker moved to St. Louis and continued work in the laundry business. With the money she made, she sent Lelia to school to get that education she never received. After working for eighteen years she got to see her daughter graduate from high school and go to college. Madam Walker claim to fortune, was prompted by Walkers hair fall...

Marketing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Marketing assignment - Essay Example In my case, I relate value proposition to Starbucks coffee. Starbucks is the largest coffee house company in the world and has its headquarters in Seattle, Washington D.C and many outlets all over the world. Starbucks sells among other drinks, coffee. My critical selection process of Starbucks coffee is dependent on its mode of preparation, the energy content of the Starbucks coffee drink, the chemical content, the taste, colour, environment, standard of quality, smell, availability of the drink, and the refreshing nature of the Starbucks coffee. Apart from other external factors that may affect my choice for Starbucks coffee like climate, my selection of Starbucks coffee relies on its mode of preparation. Indeed, the preparation of Starbucks coffee takes place in real time and I can actually from the preparation process on how I can prepare my own cup of coffee at home. The mode of preparation is fast and clean thus enticing me to buy. In addition, Starbucks coffee is highly nutritious for my health and thus relevant to my use. More so, although Starbucks coffee has some elements of caffeine, the levels are quite low and suitable for my consumption. Indeed, the caffeine in Starbucks coffee serves my alertness and relaxation thus motivating to buy. Furthermore, Starbucks coffee has a sweet taste that is unique in all its outlets. Actually, all Starbucks outlets sells universal brand of coffee and hence its originality that drives me to purchase. At the same time, the colour of Starbucks coffee is also unique and there are no chances of fake products. Moreover, the price of Starbucks coffee is also a motivator since it is affordable to me and hence my cause to buy. I take Starbucks coffee in the most relaxing and quite environment. All Starbucks outlets situate at quite environments that equally plays some cool music in the background. With such an offer, I find myself buying it most frequently. It is worth noting that

In what ways has comparative research improved our knowledge of the Essay

In what ways has comparative research improved our knowledge of the strengths and limitations of established national patterns of employment relations and HRM - Essay Example In the context of globalization, lean management provides the paradigm with which human resource management can be understood as â€Å"the acknowledgement, development and systematic use of the skills and knowledge of employees.† (Ramirez et al 2007, p 496) Thereby, recognizing the integral and necessary role of employees in the survival of the organization in the global economy, global market. Being such, there is a continuous demand to undertake studies that will address questions pertinent to human resource management and employee relations as it is an accepted truism in human resource practices â€Å"that high performance work systems, the focus is on more than simply information sharing; they also involve the decentralization of decisions and work enrichment, that is providing employees with opportunities for involvement in decision-making and innovation.† (Wood & de Menezes 2008, p 639) In this regard, this paper intends to focus on the question in what way has comparative research improved our knowledge of the strengths and limitations of established national patterns of employee relations and human resource management? The author will primarily draw his claims from UK HRM and employee relations framework. In the end, it is the hope of the author that this paper may provide a clearer perspective on the important role that comparative research plays in the understanding of employee relations and human resource management.

Declining Milk Sales Essay Example for Free

Declining Milk Sales Essay According to a current study in Age and Aging, starting and continuing to drink milk at a young age can lead to improved physical ability and balance at an older age (â€Å"New study finds,† 2012). Because of milk’s inherent attributes of calcium, protein and vitamins A and B, milk has also been linked to bone strength, muscle strength and better eyesight, to name a few. So why have the US milk sales been slowly declining since the 1970s? A recent article on Forbes. com poses the same question. People are well aware of milk’s existence. The ‘Got Milk? ’ Advertising campaign was debuted in 1993 and won several awards for its ingenuity. It works wonders for getting people to think about milk, but that is only half the battle. The other half, and arguably more important, is getting them to drink it. Jonathan Baskin, the author of the Forbes. com article, believes this is what the dairy industry is failing to do by not compelling consumers to drink milk. â€Å"Memorable branding,† he states, â€Å"is not necessarily the same thing as compelling marketing†(Baskin, 2012). To illustrate this, Baskin offers a few ideas, including packaging innovation, partnering with companies and local sourcing. While I believe all three of his ideas are valid, local sourcing seems like it could be very beneficial, at least for the moment. Within the past few years, buying crops locally is becoming more relevant to many people. The thought of promoting local business growth and living a healthy lifestyle drives people to buy locally. So if a local distributor could deliver these local crops and bundle it with fresh local milk, consumers would be willing to pay for the convenience, healthy lifestyle and support of local businesses; at least that is the idea. Milk mustaches seem to be imprinted in our minds. We know milk is there, but we are not drinking it. In order to change this, the dairy industry needs to focus on giving consumers reasons to drink milk. Local sourcing and distribution of milk could be one solution to this. Proper research would need to be done to determine viability, and a new marketing strategy, possibly implementing the ‘Got Milk? ’ branding with a new local twist would need to be created; however, perhaps then we will finally be drinking more milk. Who knows, maybe cartwheels at 80 will be the new normal. References Baskin, J. (2012). Everyone ‘gets’ milk, so tell us why we should drink it. Forbes. com, Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/sites/jonathansalembaskin/2012/12/17/everyone-gets-milk-so-tell-us-why-we-should-drink-it/ New study finds milk-drinking kids reap physical benefits later in life. (2012, November 15). Retrieved from http://www. prnewswire. com/news-releases/new-study-finds-milk-drinking-kids-reap-physical-benefits-later-in-life-179464301. html.

Different Worlds of Black Girl Lost and Baby of the Family :: Black Girl Lost Essays

Different Worlds of Black Girl Lost and Baby of the Family  Ã‚     Ã‚   Although, African Americans are considered minorities in the United States, not all of them live in poverty. Many African Americans live in a middle class society along with the dominant culture. However, many African Americans do not live in a middle class society, but rather live in poverty and have to suffer along with this poverty. For instance, Donald Goines’s Black Girl Lost and Tina McElroy Ansa’s Baby of the Family, two narrative novels, that illustrate the difference in two young African American girls lives and the society in which they inhabit. Not only do these young African American girls represent the two sides of poverty, they also represent how children can also qualify in the minority category. For example, Sandra lives in a run down apartment with a drunk mother who could care less about her daughter. In addition, Sandra remains all on her own and has to find ways in which to survive each day. But on the other hand, Lena lives in a nice size h ome with her two parents, her two brothers, and her grandmother, all who love her very much. Moreover, Lena has many family members who look after her and take extra special care for her because she is the baby of the family. Although, both Sandra and Lena lead very different lives, both are faced with challenges as a minority and as a child which questions their view on life. The home in which a child lives in is suppose to be a place of warmth, love, and protection. A home also offers other important aspects into a child’s life, for instance, self-confidence, pride, and security. If a child does not reside in a home that offers warmth, love, and protection, that child will not feel good about herself or the home in which she lives in. A child wants a home that he or she can be proud of enough to bring home a friend or two. In addition, if a child does not feel safe and secure in his or her home, then she will not posses these qualities in the outside world. Moreover, their lack of security can cause major disruptions and distractions within their everyday routine, like with Sandra. For example, the homes that Lena and Sandra live in illustrate the exact opposite of each other.

Management Case Study Essay

I.CURRENT SITUATION A.Past Corporate Performance Indexes i.Marvel Enterprise Incorporated Marvel Enterprises, Inc. is an industry-leading firm whose core business is character-based entertainment. Marvel’s foundation and success is built on their proprietary library of over 4,700 characters featured in a variety of media for nearly seventy years (1939-2004). Marvel utilizes its character franchises in licensing agreements, and publishing of comic books through the division of Marvel Comics. ii.How it was formally organized: First Management Marvel had its first taste of corporate culture when founder Martin Goodman sold the publishing outfit that began life as Timely Comics to Perfect Film and Chemical– a company known for film processing and mail order drug sales in 1968. Perfect grouped Marvel under the Magazine Management brand. 1972 saw Stan Lee stepping in for Goodman as publisher, while parent company Perfect rebranded itself as Cadence Corporation the following year. The wonky Magazine Management Co. now officially became known as Marvel Comics Group. iii.New World Pictures purchased Governance of Cadence Industries for Marvel Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. (Marvel or MEG), the parent company of Marvel Comics and Marvel Productions, was put up for sale as part of the liquidation of its then parent corporation, Cadence Industries. Marvel was sold to New World Pictures. Cadence Industries, formerly Perfect Film & Chemical Corporation, was an American conglomerate owned by Martin â€Å"Marty† S. Ackerman. In 1989, Ronald Perelman’s MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings group of companies bought Marvel Entertainment Group from New World for $82.5 million, not including Marvel Productions, which was folded into New World’s TV and movie business. â€Å"It is a mini-Disney in terms of intellectual property,† said Perelman. â€Å"Disney’s got much more highly recognized characters and softer characters, whereas our characters are termed action heroes. But at Marvel we are now in the business of the creation and marketing of characters. iv.Going Public, Bankruptcy and Acquisition: Perelman’s Governance Marvel made an initial public offer of 40% of the stock in July 1991, giving $40 million from the proceeds to Andrews Group, Marvel’s then direct parent corporation within MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings. Marvel purchased the trading card company Fleer within a year of going public. In April 1993, Marvel acquired 46% of ToyBiz, for the rights to make Marvel toys.] The Andrews Group named Avi Arad of ToyBiz as the president and CEO of the Marvel Films division and of New World Family Filmworks, Inc., a New World Entertainment subsidiary. New World later became a fellow subsidiary of the Andrews Group. In 1993 and 1994, Marvel’s holding companies — Marvel Holdings, Inc. and Marvel Parent Holdings, Inc. — were formed between Andrews Group and MEG and issued over half a billion dollars in bonds under the direction of Perelman, secured by Marvel’s rising stock, which was passed up in dividends to Perlman’s group of companies. Marvel continued acquisitions with Panini, an Italian sticker-maker, in August 1994, and SkyBox International in April 1995. Under the governance of Perelman, Marvel also purchased Heroes World Distribution, a regional distributor to comic-book shops. Marvel’s attempt to distribute its products directly led to a decrease in sales and aggravated the losses which Marvel suffered when the comic book bubble popped.While licensing revenue reached $50 million in 1995, MEG laid off 275 employees on January 4, 1996. Perelman offered to have the Andrews Group purchase additional shares with an issue for $350 million in November 19 96, which would have required ToyBiz to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel. Meanwhile, Carl Icahn began buying Marvel’s bonds at 20% of their value and moved to block Perelman’s plan. The Marvel group of companies  filed for bankruptcy on December 27, 1996, but the note holders, led by Icahn, blocked this. v.Marvel as Disney Subsidiary On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Entertainment for $4.24 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and about 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. The voting occurred on December 31, 2009 and the merger was approved. The acquisition of Marvel was finalized hours after the shareholder vote, therefore giving Disney full ownership of Marvel Entertainment. The company was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange under its ticker symbol (MVL), due to the closing of the deal. On June 2, 2010 Marvel announced that it promoted Joe Quesada to Chief Creative Officer of Marvel Entertainment. In June 2010, Marvel set up a television division headed by Jeph Loeb as executive vice president. Three months later, Smith & Tinker licensed from Marvel the character rights for a superhero digital collectible game for Facebook and Apple’s mobile platform. On October 1, 2010, Marvel moved its offices to a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m2) suite at 135 W. 50th Street, New York City, New York, under a nine-year sublease contract. Stan Lee Media’s lawsuit against Marvel was dismissed again in February 2011. In July 2011, a U.S. District Court judge ruled that Marvel characters co-created by Jack Kirby would remain the property of Marvel. In March 2013, Feld Entertainment agreed with Marvel to produce a Marvel Character based live arena show. Marvel was also launching a new pop culture and lifestyle web show, â€Å"Earth’s Mightiest Show†. Current Mission Marvel Enterprises Inc. aims to successfully meet the needs of its customers by continuing to design, develop, market and distribute character superheroes that made the Company’s name famous. It also aims at offering its customers fresh and different characters all the time. Not only that, but Marvel’s goal was also to secure the â€Å"best-in-class† licensing partners in all categories of its divisions in business. Current Objectives 1.To determine if Marvel can still increase the growth in their profit at a higher level. 2.To widen the range of their licensing activities. 3.To continue to maintain control over the quality of the product, from design to final engineering and execution. 4.To determine if Marvel could continue to capitalize on a limited set of prominent characters, most notably Spiderman or could decide to shift focus to a larger set of lesser- known characters that might have the potential of becoming blockbuster characters but were largely unknown to the wider public. 5.To determine if Marvel could venture beyond its current business model and take on more capital-intensive but also profitable activities. Current Strategies Marvel was acquired by Toy Biz and was named as Marvel Enterprises Inc. In line with the change of its name was the total change in its management. The start was a difficult one. Marvel’s new strategy was first aimed at monetizing the content library via licensing characters for use with media products (such as toys, apparel, collectibles, and food). Managing the library of characters to foster long-term value was the second key focus of Marvel’s new management. Retaining some form of control over the creative process- to ensure the quality of the content that featured Marvel characters was the third main strategic dimension. Marvel’s management team hired well-known artists and writers to lead its creative efforts in the publishing division, including popular writers from the film and television industry, and had started to sign exclusive contracts with key creative talent. Current Policies Some of the policies implemented by Marvel Enterprises Inc. to its management are: 1.Excluding its â€Å"Spider- Man† character from the deal with TBW (Hong Kong based independent Company) in creating the product design, marketing  and sales because Spider-Man has a separate deal with Sony Pictures. 2.Maintaining an incredible performance for its Toy division because competition was so intense at this industry. 3.Maintaining a wide channel of distribution of its products. 4.Pursuing a diversified base of studio partners, both to ensure their commitment to each project and to mitigate risks regarding Marvel’s motion picture division. 5.Widening the range of its licensing activities for its characters. 6.Investing in profitable investment-related activities. 7.Strictly implementing rules and regulations in its management. 8.Maintaining an effective internal control over its management. II.Corporate Governance A.Board of Directors i.Directors Marvel’s Board of Directors has three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms. Sid Ganis and James F. Halpin were elected at the 2008 annual meeting as Class I directors to serve a three-year term. Morton E. Handel, F. Peter Cuneo and Isaac Perlmutter were elected at the 2007 annual meeting as Class III directors to serve a three-year term. Richard L. Solar was elected, along with Avi Arad, who later resigned, at the 2006 annual meeting of stockholders as a Class II director to serve a three-year term. The Board of Directors elected James W. Breyer to replace Mr. Arad in June 2006, and Mr. Breyer is serving out the remainder of Mr. Arad’s term. In July 2007, the Board of Directors increased the size of the Board by one Board seat and elected Laurence N. Charney to serve as a Class II director until this annual meeting. Each of Mr. Solar, Mr. Breyer and Mr. Charney has been nominated for election to a new three-year term at this annual meeting. ii.Other Directors James W. Breyer (Class II), 47, has been a Marvel director since June 2006. Mr. Breyer has served as a partner of the Silicon Valley-based venture capital firm, Accel Partners, since 1995. Laurence N. Charney (Class II), 61, has been a Marvel director since July 2007. Mr. Charney retired from his position as a Partner of Ernst & Young LLP in 2007, having served that firm for over thirty-five years and engagement acceptance across all service lines. Mr. Charney served previously at Ernst & Young as an audit partner and was Marvel’s audit partner for its 1999 through 2003 audits. Mr. Charney is a senior advisor to Plainfield Asset Management LLC, a hedge fund based in Greenwich, CT that specializes in special and distressed situations. Richard L. Solar (Class II), 69, has been a Marvel director since December 2002. Since February 2003, Mr. Solar has been a management consultant and investor. From June 2002 to February 2003, Mr. Solar acted as a consultant for Gerber Childrenswear, Inc., a marketer of popular-priced licensed apparel sold under the Gerber name, as well as under licenses from Baby Looney Tunes, Wilson, Converse and Coca-Cola. iii.Directors Who’s Terms Are Continuing For each member of the Board of Directors whose term of office as a director continues after the annual meeting, set forth below is the director’s name, age as of March 9, 2009, principal occupation for at least the last five years, selected biographical information and period of service as a director. Sid Ganis (Class I), 69, has been a Marvel director since October 1999. Mr. Ganis is the President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the organization that awards the Oscars. Mr. Ganis has been President of Out of the Blue†¦Entertainment, a company that he founded, since September  1996. Out of the Blue†¦Entertainment is a provider of motion pictures, television and musical entertainment for Sony Pictures Entertainment and others. From January 1991 until September 1996, Mr. Ganis held various executive positions with Sony Pictures Entertainment, including Vice Chairman of Columbia Pictures and President of Worldwide Marketing for Columbia/TriStar Motion Picture Companies. James F. Halpin (Class I), 58, has been a Marvel director since March 1995. Mr. Halpin retired in March 2000 as President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of CompUSA Inc., a retailer of computer hardware, software, accessories and related products, with which he had been employed since May 1993. Mr. Halpin was a director of Life Time Fitness, Inc. from February 2005 until August 2008. F. Peter Cuneo (Class III), 64, was Marvel’s President and Chief Executive Officer from July 1999 through December 2002 and served as the part-time Special Advisor to Marvel’s Chief Executive Officer from January 2003 through December 2004. Mr. Cuneo has been a Marvel director since July 1999, and since June 2003 he has served as a non-executive Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mr. Cuneo is a senior advisor to Plainfield Asset Management LLC, a hedge fund based in Greenwich, CT that specializes in special and distressed situations. Mr. Cuneo is a also director of Iconix Brands, Inc. Morton E. Handel (Class III), 73, has been the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Marvel since October 1998 and was first appointed as a director in June 1997. Mr. Handel served as a director of Trump Entertainment Resorts, Inc. from June 2005 until November 2008 and as a director of Linens ‘N Things, Inc from 2000 until February 2006. Mr. Handel is also a Life Regent of the University of Hartford and is active on the boards of not-for-profit organizations in the Hartford, CT area. Isaac Perlmutter (Class III), 66, has been Marvel’s Chief Executive Officer since January 1, 2005. Mr. Perlmutter has served as a senior executive of Marvel Characters B.V. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment, Inc. that owns and licenses Marvel’s intellectual property library) and its predecessor-in-interest Marvel Characters, Inc. since January 2007 and has been employed by Marvel as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors since November 2001. Mr. Perlmutter has been a Marvel director since April 1993 and served as Chairman of the Board of Directors until March 1995. B.Management i.Board Meetings and Committees The Board of Directors held at least 10 meetings annually. Each incumbent director attended, during the year, at least 75% of the aggregate number of Board of Directors meetings and applicable committee meetings held during the period in which he served as a director. The Board of Directors’ committees include the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Film Slate Committee and Strategic Planning Committee. ii.Corporate Governance Committee The Corporate Governance Committee’s function is (i) to identify individuals qualified to become members of the Board of Directors; (ii) to recommend individuals for selection by the Board of Directors as nominees for election as directors at the next annual meeting of stockholders; and (iii) to develop and recommend to the Board of Directors a set of Corporate Governance Guidelines and the modification of those guidelines from time to time. The Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of Messrs. Halpin (chairman) and Ganis. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met three times annually. The Board of Directors has determined that each of Messrs, Halpin and Ganis is â€Å"independent† iii.Audit Committee The Audit Committee’s function is (i) to directly appoint, retain, compensate, evaluate and, where appropriate, terminate Marvel’s independent  registered public accounting firm; (ii) to assist the Board in its oversight of: the integrity of Marvel’s financial statements, Marvel’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence, and the performance of Marvel’s internal audit function and the independent registered public accounting firm; and (iii) to prepare the report required to be included in Marvel’s annual proxy statement, which follows. The Audit Committee is ultimately responsible for pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by its independent registered public accounting firm including the compensation to be paid for those services. The Audit Committee has established a policy regarding pre-approval of audit and non-audit services, and has delegated its authority to pre-approve audit and non-audit services to its chairman, who reports any such pre-approvals to the Audit Committee at its next meeting. In accordance with the Audit Committee’s pre-approval policy, the Audit Committee does not engage its independent registered public accounting firm to perform non-audit services that are precluded by law or regulation or any services that would impair the firm’s independence. iv.Compensation Committee Our chief executive officer is invited to attend meetings of the Compensation Committee and to offer recommendations on compensation of other executives or directors, but he does not vote in the committee’s final determinations, and decisions concerning his own compensation are made in his absence. The Compensation Committee has the authority to retain compensation consultants to assist it in making its decisions. During 2008, the members of Marvel’s Compensation Committee were Messrs. Halpin and Ganis. Neither of those individuals was an officer or employee of Marvel, or of any of its subsidiaries, during 2008 or formerly, nor did either of them have any relationship requiring disclosure in â€Å"Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons,† below. None of our executive officers served in 2008 on the compensation committee of any  other company that had an executive officer serving as a Marvel director. None of our executive officers served in 2008 as a director of any other company that had an executive officer serving on our Compensation Committee. . v.Executive Officers Below are the positions held with Marvel, and selected biographical information for our executive officers, other than Mr. Perlmutter, whose information is found under â€Å"About Our Directors,† above. 1.Alan Fine , 58, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of Marvel Characters B.V. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment, Inc. that owns and licenses Marvel’s intellectual property library) and its predecessor-in-interest Marvel Characters, Inc. since May 2007. Mr. Fine also has served as Chief Executive Officer of Marvel’s publishing division since September 2004. Mr. Fine served as Chief Executive Officer of Marvel’s toy division from August 2001 until that division was closed in early 2008. 2.David Maisel , 46, has served as Executive Vice President, Office of the Chief Executive since September 2006 and became Chairman of Marvel Studios in March 2007. From September 2005 until September 2006, Mr. Maisel served as Executive Vice President, Corporate Development and from September 2005 until March 2007, Mr. Maisel served as Vice Chairman of Marvel Studios. From January 2004 to September 2005, Mr. Maisel served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Marvel Studios. From October 2001 to November 2003, Mr. Maisel headed Corporate Strategy and Business Development for Endeavor Agency, a Hollywood literary and talent agency. 3.Simon Philips , 40, has served as President, Worldwide Consumer Products since October 2008 and as CEO of Marvel Animation since January 2008. Mr. Philips served as President, Marvel International from November 2006 to October 2008. From November 2003 to November 2006, Mr. Philips served as the Managing Director of 4Kids Entertainment International. Mr. Philips served as chief executive officer of LDI, a licensing and merchandising company, from 1996 to 2003. 4.John Turitzin , 53, has served as Executive Vice President, Office of the Chief Executive since September 2006. From February 2006 until September 2006, Mr. Turitzin served as Marvel’s Chief Administrative Officer. Mr. Turitzin has also served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel since February 2004. 5.Kenneth P. West , 50, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since June 2002. vi.Code of Ethics Marvel has adopted a code of ethics applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and persons performing similar functions. We have also adopted a code of business conduct and ethics which is applicable to all employees and directors. III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS A.Social Environment Economic/Demographic Forces Entertainment industry is targeting segmented groups that have been long ignored including ethic cultures, language, religion and women and in case by case basis adult’s only products. Technological/Physical Forces Entertainment is available in variety of ways including online, cell phone, and on-demand video. Sales in traditional entertainment merchandise has dropped. Social/Cultural Forces Entertainment has reached out to the community conscious in educating it on events and beliefs in the community. Political/Legal Forces Entertainment outlets are facing parental lawsuits to prevent particular products from being place and/or sold in a market or setting. Producers must  keep vigilant on product content in order to deal with either self regulated or government regulation in order to guarantee an investment return. The threat of piracy and illegal licensing is at stake in the entertainment industry. The entertainment industry lobbies to protect copyrighted product. B.Task Environment Competitors The entertainment industry no matter how fragmented it appears much of what is produced. In terms of entertainment is held closely by three US based media conglomerates, Disney, Viacom, and Time Warner. These conglomerates direct the entertainment market and the direction of the media. The Licensing segment competes with a diverse range of entities that own intellectual property rights in characters. These include DC Comics (a subsidiary of Time Warner, Inc.), The Walt Disney Company, NBC Universal, Inc. (a subsidiary of General Electric Company), DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. and other entertainment-related entities. Many of these competitors have greater financial and other resources than we do. The Publishing segment competes with numerous publishers in the United States. Some of the Publishing segment’s competitors, such as DC Comics, are part of integrated entertainment companies and may have greater financial and other resources than we do. The Publishing segment also faces competition from other entertainment media, such as movies and video games. The Toy segment competes with many larger toy companies in the design and development of new toys, in the procurement of licenses and for adequate retail shelf space for its products. The larger toy companies include Hasbro, Mattel Inc., and Jakks Pacific, Inc. Many of these competitors have greater financial and other resources than the Company. The toy industry’s highly competitive environment continues to place cost pressures on manufacturers and distributors. Discretionary spending among potential toy consumers is limited and the toy industry competes for those dollars along with the makers of computers and video games. The Film Production segment competes with other film producers, including major studios such as Twentieth Century Fox and Sony Pictures (which also produce films licensed by our Licensing segment). Many of these producers are part of integrated ente rtainment  companies and have greater financial and other resources Threat of New Entrants There is always the possibility of new entrants in the entertainment industry. Producers and/or manufacturers may create a product to carve out a particular market or segment niche. The industry has a history of employees banding together to create a new product to compete in the already in the full field, but getting a local or national distribution is challenging smaller entertainment providers team with already established distribution unit have an excellent chance of breaking ground into the market. Threat of Substitute Products The threat of any type substitute in the entertainment industry is high. Most often than not, the threat comes in time of gift giving season when marketing dollars are spent more to sway people from one product to the other. This time of the year is also filled with hopes of new products entering the market to capture a hungry audience. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Suppliers are creating new outlets for the entertainment industry through technological advances. The winner for battle technological supremacy will lie solely on which technological outlet has the most partners. Bargaining Power of Buyers Consumers have the ability to patronize or not to patronize an entertainment outlet. However, the limited ownership prevents consumers from believing they will never deal with a company they have been dissatisfied with in the past. IV. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES A.Corporate Structure Marvel is a multidivisional company that has three segments which are highly integrated and vertically differentiated. ï‚ §Licensing – The Licensing segment earns revenues from selling rights to movies, television production companies, video game publishers, and merchandise manufacturers to use its  character properties. The licensing business concentrates on a few large licensees, and attempts to manage and re-segment opportunities with its characters, creating â€Å"classic† editions, â€Å"youth† editions, and â€Å"movie† editions to take advantage of every revenue opportunity. ï‚ §Publication – The Publishing segment produces, markets, and sells comic books. This business publishes comic books and novels about the company’s characters, and licenses characters from other sources and turns them into graphic novels. ï‚ §Toys – The Toys segment collects royalties and service fees from Hasbro. The company has an exclusive to y merchandising agreement with Hasbro (HAS) until December 31, 2011, that began in 2007. Prior to this, most revenues in the Toy segment were made from toys produced by Marvel. ï‚ §Movie Production – The movie production arm of the company was set up to independently produce films and grow revenues. The new Films segment produces films featuring Marvel’s characters like Iron Man. B.Corporate Culture Honesty and integrity are the key organizational values of Marvel. The company gives importance in maintaining company reputation as well as fairness and awareness even with competitors. Marvel considers its almost 5000 character library as 5000 assets. The company looks forward to become even larger with the Disney merger. The company shares many shared values and maintains a constant renewing process. Marvel provides its people with Corporate Governance Guidelines, Corporate Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers. These provides them with a brief description of their obligations and offer guidance concerning how to conduct their business in a manner consistent with their high ethical value. C.Corporate Resources 1.Marketing 2.Finance 3.Research and Development 4.Operations and Logistics 5.Human Resources 6.Information Systems

Factors Affecting The Air Pollution - 1973 Words

Air pollution occurs due to the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere. Emissions that are most often responsible for this menace include smoke, dust particles, and hydrocarbons. There has been an increase in air pollution within many regions around the world (Utell,Warren and Sawyer 157). However, urban environments tend to have higher levels of environmental pollution. One factor playing into this urban crisis is the existence of agents that develop pollutants in urban regions. Because metropolitan areas tend to be industrious and abundant in modes of transportation, emissions from factories and motor vehicles are constant in cities. Developing countries also suffer from this problem. They have inadequate regulations aimed to govern the disposal of hydrocarbons from factories and motorcades. The key factors playing into the air pollution in Quetta city, Pakistan, help provide an historical context and some background information. These factors are also associated with other notic eable components that perpetuate and exhaust this issue. Examining these contributing factors helps direct us to several proposed solutions. Such potential solutions include increasing the use of natural gas, developing manufacturing industries outside of the city, reducing the consumption of old automobiles while maximizing the consumption of newer ones, and raising public awareness on the issue of air pollution. The main issue that the city of Quetta faces is a high population of people.Show MoreRelatedAir Pollution Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pages In recent years, air pollution has become a growing problem in China (Zhang, Chao). According to the newly released scientific paper by Dan Levin, outdoor air pollution contrib7utes to the deaths of 1.6 million people in China every year, and about 4,400 people a day (Levin, Dan). Essentially, air is a major part of our overall health. 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